Metals in the Hydrocycle

1 Introduction.- 2 Interactions with Ligands, Particulate Matter and Organisms.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Metal Ions in Aquatic Systems.- 2.3 Speciation of Dissolved Metals.- 2.4 Interaction with Ligands.- 2.5 Interaction with Particulate Matter.- 2.6 Solid Speciation.- 2.7 Metal Interaction with Organisms.- 3 Sediments and the Transport of Metals.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Composition of Sediments.- 3.3 Transport of Sediments.- 3.4 Distribution and Deposition.- 3.5 Grain Size Effects.- 3.6 Anthropogenic Influences on Metal Concentrations in Sediments.- 3.7 Early Diagenesis of Trace Metal Compounds in Sediments.- 4 Metals in the Atmosphere.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Natural and Anthropogenic Emissions of Trace Metals.- 4.3 Atmospheric Particles.- 4.4 Deposition of Atmospheric Particles.- 4.5 Metal Concentrations in Urban, Rural and Remote Atmospheres.- 4.6 Environmental Impact of Airborne Trace Metals.- 5 Metals in Continental Waters.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Metals in Rocks and Soils.- 5.3 Metals in Rivers.- 5.4 Metals in Lakes.- 6 Metals in Estuaries and Coastal Environments.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Estuarine Circulation.- 6.3 Conservative and Non-Conservative Behaviour.- 6.4 Behaviour of Particulate Trace Metals During Estuarine Mixing.- 6.5 Iron and Manganese.- 6.6 Trace Metals in Estuaries: Field Investigations.- 6.7 Trace Metals in Estuaries: Laboratory Investigations and Simulations.- 6.8 Environmental Impact Studies.- 6.9 Estuaries as Sinks for Trace Metals?.- 7 Metals in the Ocean.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Vertical and Horizontal Distribution of Trace Metals..- 7.3 Particulates and Metal Behaviour.- 7.4 Composition of Oceanic Sediments.- 7.5 Cycling of Trace Metals Between Continents and Oceans.- 8 Summary and Qutlook.- References.